Social psychology...

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Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Mon Mar 17, 2014 16:56

For those who are somehow interested in reality and not slogans... useful read for professionals, even if "they" are the experts... :)

So, David Myers, "Social psychology" (textbook, if into, for students). Many effective methods of influencing the psyche of the people currently in civilized countries, based on a fairly simple and experimentally verified laws of social interaction.

For example.

"Social facilitation.
Let's start with the most basic question of social psychology: does to us the fact of the presence of another person? The phrase "the fact of the presence" means that people not compete with each other, not reward and not punish each other, and, in fact, they do nothing at all, except that are present as passive spectators or "subcontractors". Does the presence of a passive observer in how a person runs Jogging, eating, typing on a keyboard or taking an exam? The search for the answer to this question is a kind of "scientific detective".

Social psychologist Robert zajonc (Zajonc, Robert) (Zajonc pronounced Saians) interested in... In this case the explanation was obtained thanks to one well-known :) the principle of experimental psychology: excitation always strengthens dominant reaction. Increased excitation favors the decision simple tasks for which the most likely "dominant" response is the right decision. People quickly solve easy anagrams (e.g., bleh) when excited. When it comes to performing a complex tasks in which the correct answer is not so obvious and therefore not a dominant trend, excessive excitation increases the probability of wrong decisions. With more complex anagrams excited people cope worse than those who are in a calm state.

...The authors of more recent experiments have confirmed the conclusion that the social arousal facilitates the dominant response, regardless of whether it is true or not . Peter hunt and Joseph hillery found: in the presence of observers, students quickly understand with an easy maze and longer — difficult (well, just like cockroaches!). According to James Michaels and his staff, good pool players from the Student Union (the ones that have effectively been 71 a strike of 100) in the presence of 4 observers showed an even higher result — 80% of hits in the pocket. Bad players (number of successful strikes does not exceed 36 %) started to play worse when outside of the table has some foreign (the number of hits in the pocket was reduced to 25 %).

...So we react to the presence of other people. But whether or not their presence that excites us? Friend, to be near in a difficult moment, can comfort. However, in the presence of unauthorized people experiencing stress, more sweat, they increase in breathing and heart rate, tense the muscles more and more noticeable rises blood pressure. Even the friendly audience may cause a bad execution of duties requiring a person's full return. The presence among the audience of the parents of the pianist is unlikely to contribute to the success of his first solo performances.

More than around the person of people, the more noticeable their effect on him. Sometimes the excitement and attention to their own actions — a consequence of the presence of numerous spectators — can prevent the implementation of even such well-learned automatic skills, like speech. Testing extreme pressure, we can very easily begin to stutter. People who stutter stutter is usually stronger in the presence of large numbers of people, than when talking to one person or two. Players College basketball teams, highly excited by the presence of numerous fans, perform free throws less accurately than when playing in half-empty hall.

Stay in a crowd intensifies positive and negative reactions. If a number of us are those whom we sympathize, they love us even moreif nearby are those to whom we have a dislike, that this feeling is only strengthened.

...Why we're excited about the presence of other people?

So far we talked about the fact that if you possess any skills, then the presence of the audience "spur" you to demonstrate your ability (of course, if you don't perevozbuzdenie and aren't too concerned about how or what you are doing). But what is given to you with difficulty, in such circumstances, it may be unfeasible. Why the presence of outsiders that excites us? There are three reasons and each of them has experimental confirmation.
...The results of the experiments suggest that the institution is partly a result of fear of evaluation, and partly a result of the distraction — conflict between distraction for outsiders and a need to focus on the job. The results of other studies, including experiments on animals, indicate: in itself, the presence of outsiders can cause excitement even when there is no distraction, no fear of assessments...."<

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Mon Mar 17, 2014 17:22

Is FSE wrote a very intelligent man...

So you can try to make these observations, which Myers called "a simple matter of social psychology" to current social processes.

If in any community, contrary to slogans about freedom, calling for democracy and talk about the achievements really are quite different processes, for example, to accumulate fear, despair, envy, impotent aggression - what can I use to "distract and redirect" the attention of the residents of this community? And you need not leave them to talk the talk about the very freedom on personal angles - but rather collect them in a big pile, they began to "influence" each other by the fact of their presence near each other.

And that will "leak" from these people in the presence of other people? A dominant state will come out - and not those about which I want to say, but the real - the fear, despair, hatred, etc., to course, began projecting their "alleged source" - where? - and then, of course, in any kind of "bad." The excitement, covering "a handful of the population", will support itself and attract even more individuals excited... Destabilizing factor begins to "work".

No wonder that the synagogue of football and music fans "by" powerful police protection - but there is a "legal" explanation - after all it is clear that wild fans, it's dangerous, it's criminal. But the delicate use of a variety of wetland areas, the Maidan, the demonstrations and marches for rocking positions of "opponents" - it's a very, very different. :) Yeah.

That is why in civilized countries its the flagship of democracy do not allow many-day festivals of this kind, quite rapidly "dissipating" excited crowds of people tried and tested ways. Kakbe and "democracy" are met, and kakbe nothing really happened. The art of manipulation. Which, however, also has its own, but delayed, effects.

But in less civilized areas of habitat of humanity of these "little nuances" or not know at all, or known only to those who "put". And so "freedom-loving part" of any nation it is possible to collect in a pile and watch as more and more "swinging" processed society. And when the process of "swinging" comes to the desired degree, you can begin to do next... Where to go?

So a textbook on social psychology great... there's still much that has been written than can be competently and elegant to use... :) some time...<

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Mon Mar 17, 2014 17:45

У-Луна wrote:...if you have any skills, then the presence of the audience "spur" you to demonstrate your ability (of course, if you don't perevozbuzdenie and aren't too concerned about how or what you are doing). But what is given to you with difficulty, in such circumstances, it might be unfeasible.
And another bonus, which is also a very high quality "works" in the marsh, and is used by those who understand what it's about - if the skill to think independently and the skill to maintain emotional stability in humans and in time of peace did not happen, the stress conditions in the excited crowd with their skills, the more will not appear. In the excited each other the crowd otshibaet and the small supply of "mental stability", which in peacetime is still somehow functioning. And then all of the many social phobias "civilized" person (everyone has their own favorite set) begin to lash out, as out of the hose again "mutually stimulating" "comrades in struggle".

After wading festivities some "walking" has caught on and wondered what it was for a mass psychosis, in which my participation was active? But it is only some - and only because the situation is not unwound to the end. And "pop" out of the flywheel mass mental buildup, which has gone far to little real. Skills needed, where to get them, when the struggle for freedom, democracy and universal justice? Once... shake it... :)

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Wed Mar 26, 2014 17:08

All the same David Myers, with his same tutorial...

"Jajaja in the social world.

Imagine that you are a student at Princeton University and that you and your fellow students Jackie Vorauer and Dale Miller offered to take part in a simple experiment. You come into the lab, and the researchers say unto you, that the purpose of the experiment is to find out the perception of the subjects of student life. Tossing a coin, they send your friend to answer the questionnaire and you are invited to gather my thoughts before the upcoming interviews. After 15 minutes, the experimenter enables you to look at the bleak report your friend:

"I can't say that satisfied with their student life... Much of what we go through, it seems to me very difficult... But the worst of my memories are from the examination of the French language, I don't know why I didn't stopped it... At Princeton, I hardly ever made friends, and I often have to rely on old friends."

Now it's your turn. whether your own description of the student experience is more negative than it would be if instead of the report like other subjects, read the report of any student who wrote that is a good student, made many wonderful friends and acquaintances and feels that others treat him much better than before? this is What happened to the real students of Princetonparticipating in a laboratory experiment. The positivity of their self-presentation reflects the positivity of self-presentation of their comrades, however, the most surprising is another: they did not noticethat their thinking is has undergone social effects. The relationship between the social environment and their self-presentation was out of sight of the students.

This is just one of many examples hard links between what is happening in the outside world and what goes on in our heads. Here are other examples.

— Selfishness distorts social judgments. We cannot be called objective, dispassionate evaluators of the events. When in relationshipssuch closelike a marriage, there are problems, we usually lay a greater responsibility on their partners and not on themselves. Only a few have passed through divorce, people accuse it of themselves. When everything goes good — at home, at work or in a sports team — we tend to attribute it to themselves. Competing with each other for the prize, scientists are rarely modest, assessing own contribution to science. After 1923, the creators of insulin Frederick Banting and John McLeod were awarded the Nobel prize, Banting claimed that Macleod, who headed the laboratory, rather hindered than helped him, and Macleod in the speeches devoted to the opening, did not mention his co-author.

— Taking care of yourself motivates social behavior. Many of our actions can be called strategic. In the hope of producing a favourable impression we spend billions on cosmetics and all kinds of diets. Like clever politicians, we also do not lose sight of nor the conduct of others or expectations that they associate with us and "customize" them for their behavior. Most of our actions are dictated by concern about their own image.

"No topic is not for people more interesting than themselves. what's More, for most of them there is nothing more interesting in their own person. Roy F. Baumeister, The Self in Social Psychology, 1999"

As can be seen from these examples, the connection between us and others is a two — way street."<

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Wed Mar 26, 2014 17:56

У-Луна wrote:the Positivity of their self-presentation reflects the positivity of self-presentation of their comrades, however, the most surprising is another: they did not noticethat their thinking is has undergone social effects. The relationship between the social environment and their self-presentation was out of sight of the students.
This is just one of many examples hard links between what is happening in the outside world and what goes on in our heads.
And if even such luminaries of high intelligence, as students of the prestigious institutions and even Nobel prize winners, subject to such subtle the effect of "total atmosphere" and our own selfishness - on perception of ourselves and allegedly absolutely-its (!) feeling - how will these curious properties of human nature can be made to work for the veiled effect on the psyche of the household "civilians" to follow up on non-obvious use of these same citizens?

Well, for example, can be long, hard and persistently to present someone's life as the most free, most comfortable, most aesthetic, most reliable and (this is important!) as a supposedly almost-easy-accessible to everyone. Social network and modern media now allow us to hang like noodles on almost any ears. It is important to do this BEFORE the question about the true "cost" and the real "affordability" of the advertised lifestyle will be seriously relevant for the processing of the population - well, as students were asked to read other people's reviews BEFORE they explained the essence of the job.

And then what will make those who bought into these presentations and, with enormous effort, like a series taken upotreblyaetsya loans almost reached the coveted "enchanted" Islands "beautiful life"? Of course, they will repeat to themselves about their own happiness and their own success, simultaneously displacing a few disturbing thoughts about the interest on the loan - and then projecting their own negative feelings about this - on some external "bad" that prevent "good" people to continue to live not on earned and borrowed from the not-yet-happened future loans, but to live with full pleasure. Well, that is all the credit? I'm successful, I'm not worse than others, I also... uh... they... they did it beautifully to live loan - and I than worse? Etc.

That advertise themselves as "them" turns out not to borrow - and with the help of direct robbery, so special services are not in vain after 11.09.2001 developed actively, persistently, persistently... And of course, it is clear that this was done to "combat global terrorism", but under the guise of "high-profile war against world terror" as these are "quiet" special operations to do: http://www.dni.ru/culture/2014/3/25/268178.html And it's not the elusive whole world of horrible terrorists - there is quite a significant gold, which, however, unlike the elusive Joe global terrorism vanished, apparently, quite specifically.

That leads to memories of the gold reserves of tsarist Russia, which the Romanovs were placed in reliable English banks for safekeeping, kaneshna. And foreign possession of real gold earned by the entire population of the Russian Empire influenced the fate of the Romanovs themselves? And they threw their "Keepers". Not for nothing the Russian emigration for decades rumors about what to take his family of the Emperor of Russia in 1917 was not a problem for the English Royal relatives. But why take out business owners? That they disposed of those that stole from his people? No. Easier to leave the Romanov massacre was robbed and the loot to keep for themselves, for their own beautiful life. Gold. Real. And type no responsibility. Not personally, as the British robbed the Russian Empire? The Romanovs were robbed, so let him answer. And then can not recognize robbed of the right receiver - and voila. And the capital acquired, and "innocence" are complied with. And legal sobstvennikov the Romanovs escaped and appropriated to those who themselves left them to violence, the stigma of "killers" - and gold thing... gold... gold... coveted under proper supervision and control. Forever.

It is a pity that oil, gas and other minerals are not so harmless floating, so that the processing of the population "production" and transportation is still a topical area of "influence". And is a beautiful way of life will continue. Carefully read the reports of your ex citizens and reviews of your incorruptible correspondents there about the new gadgets... new local new local resorts... beverages... local fashion trends... you're a free people - you all deserve it? Like the Romanovs. They also believed that it is worthy of the Imperial way of life even after the destruction of his Empire. Made a mistake, though slightly: where they go, and without them, the emperors missing. But who forbid their virtual descendants continue to step on the Romanov's cut rake? Imperial same mistake... And how not to try the Imperial crown? Beautiful...<

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Thu May 22, 2014 2:35

The same textbook on social psychology:

Constructing memories.

...As written in 1988, the magazine PsychologyToday, "science has proven that accumulated life experience is perfectly preserved in your mind".

In fact, studies performed by psychologists have proved that it is not so. Many memories are NOT copies of real events, "deposited" in the memory Bank. It is more correct to say that we design memories in the moment when you extract thembecause memory contains the argument, drawn in the past. Using what we know today, or what you believe in, memory making conclusions about what ought to be...

Thus, we can easily to revise (although on a subconscious level) their memories so that they conform to our current knowledge.

the Reconstruction of past installations.

...According to Cathy Mcfarland and Michael Ross, as our relationships with different people change, , we are also revising our memories about these people. The researchers asked University students to rate their partners, and partners with whom they constantly met. Two months later, the procedure was repeated. Those respondents, whose feeling during this time became stronger, was inclined to believe that it was love at first sight. Those who separated from their partners, often recalled that for a long time recognize them as selfish with bad characters.
With the same phenomenon was experienced and Diane Holmberg and John Holmes, interviewed 373 newlywed couples. Most of the respondents said very happy. During the re-survey, which was conducted two years later, those whose marriage has failed, recalled that from the very beginning in their lives was no good. According to the researchers, the results were "frightening": "Such biases can lead to a dangerous slide downhill. The worse your current rating partner, the worse your memories of what it involves, this means that your negative attitudes will continue to "gain momentum"".

"Vanity can play a cruel joke with our memory." Joseph Conrad, writer.

It is not that we do not realize what kind of feelings experienced in the past, and that if memories aren't very clear, they begin to control our current feelings.

Reconstruction of past behavior.

When we turn to memories, we have the opportunity to revise our own past.

— When a representative sample of Americans are asked about Smoking and extrapolated the findings to the entire nation, it was found that at least 200 billion of the 600 billion cigarettes annually sold in the country remained "unclaimed".
— When the census Bureau of the United States conducted a public opinion survey, it was found that its participation in the recent presidential elections was reported by 61% of respondents, although only voted 55% of adult Americans.
— Many people think your habits are less harmful than habits of their friends and acquaintances. If such people are given information about how often their friends drink too much, eat too greasy foods, etc., they start to remember and allow yourself to such "freedom" less frequently.

According to social psychologist Anthony Grinwald, this data is akin to the phenomenon which is described by George Orwell in the novel "1984": "you Must remember that all the events occurred as it was necessary." Greenwald believes that we are all the owners of the "totalitarian ego", which conducts audit of the past so that it conforms to our modern views.

Sometimes our current point — only improved the same; in this case, we could be wrong, remembering the past as more different than it really from the present.

This trend is explained by the following results, which are inextricably linked and lead researchers to confusion in the participants psychotherapeutic programs aimed at combating obesity and Smoking, and sports programs, on average, achieve very modest results. However, they often claim that participation in the program brought them a big favor. According to Michael Conway and Michael Ross, this is because people who have spent a lot of effort, time and money on self-improvement, it can talk like this: "I May now is far from perfect, but I used to be even worse. Then, the program has brought me a very large favor."

Reconstruction of our experience.

After the experiments, which were attended by more than 20,000 people, Elizabeth Loftus has revealed the following trends: we tend designing memories with great confidence, but sometimes with insufficient accuracy. Standard experiment was carried out as follows: the subjects watching the event, receive misleading information about it (or get it), and then tested their memory. the Effect of misinformation appears from experience to experience. the Subjects incorporate misinformation into their memoriesas they remember the sign "give way" as a stop sign; hammers as screwdrivers; Vogue magazine as Mademoiselle magazine; Dr. Henderson as "Dr. Davidson"; porridge, served at Breakfast, as eggs; a clean-shaven man as a guy with a mustache.

This process affects our memories and social and physical events. Jack Croxton and his colleagues asked students to talk to someone for 15 minutes. Those who then said that they liked their interlocutors, recalled the behavior of the latter as a relaxed, laid-back and friendly. Those who were told that they did not like his interlocutors, said that they were nervous, fussed and seemed displeased.

Summary.

Our pre-beliefs have a strong influence on how we interpret and remember events. In experiments bias subjects amazing affect the perception and interpretation of their information. Some experimenters inculcated in the minds of the subjects judgments or false ideas after the reported information. The results of these studies indicate that the judgment following the fact, distort our memories are exactly the same as the judgments that precede them, distort our perception.<

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by Хеди » Thu May 22, 2014 16:36

Thanks, who would have thought that books could be so interesting! What else?

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Sun May 25, 2014 1:06

From another... not quite textbook - students these questions even fifty years from now will begin to study... and yet it's still developing...

One very intelligent person who has no relation neither to Russia nor to Ukraine, but relevant to the region with a very complicated historical "dramas and tragedies," wrote back in 2008:
"...as soon as it comes to identification, the role of the victim always has precedence over the role of the aggressor, even if the facts are obvious way more complicated... and in many cases (countries or regions) historical facts mix the roles of victim and aggressor...

Why there is a global preference for the role of victim? This, of course, there are many different reasons. First, there has been a real victimization. But being a victim also means that some external party is responsible for your problem. Until you're the victim, there is someone who did something wrong with you and who told you that has. In addition, the concept of "victim" often has a certain aura of innocence...

Then there is the idea that victims can become clean through their suffering, even become Holy through them... However, the reality is that victims don'T rise up from being victim, what they were filled with light - forgiving and wise. On the contrary, they come out of it deeply traumatized, dissociated and split. And in this state they easily can become the aggressors, even if they are not able to realize it or think about it...

...Poland, for example, there is a history of conquest and division foreign countries, which is repeated again and again. In 1939 the Nazis came. Millions of poles died during the war, the nation was again injured. But while all this was happening, many poles joined the Nazis in the murder of Jews and Gypsies. There were poles who risked their lives helping Jews, but there were many others that wanted the Jews gone, and they have not stopped, even when the Germans were finally defeated. Many Jews who survived the death camps, were murdered by the poles as soon as they went back to former home towns. Poland enjoys the reputation of being the only (?) in Europe countries where pogroms had occurred even after the Second World war. Is Poland as a nation is a victim or a persecutor? And those and others. And yet Poland mainly considers HIMSELF a victim of the Nazis and NEVER an active participant in the Holocaust..."

After Poland saved and other "reputational" stories...

The most difficult issues related events, with a beginning long BEFORE... but why so many difficulties?... Why should understand that on complex issues there are NO simple answers? Why bother to learn to understand something not only at the level of cliches and platitudes? A single live - and let the bills pay the descendants of...<

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Sun May 25, 2014 1:26

And Yes... it is always useful to see when and sometimes there are some "victims":
http://imperiya.by/theory5-7589.html

"...The independence of Poland was proclaimed on 11 November 1918, the day of the signing of the Compiegne armistice in the West. Having taken in hand the creation of the new state, the leaders of the Polish socialist party headed by józef Piłsudski immediately set out a task to capture as large territories in the East.

Armed from the arsenals of the former Kaiser's army, poles broke up the nationalist government of Lithuania and Belarus, was invaded Western Ukraine, whose government, after the armed resistance, was forced to leave the country. In the spring and summer of 1919, the poles launched an offensive against the red army captured Vilna and Minsk, having advanced in the East to the line Polotsk – Vitebsk – Orsha – Mogilev.
The period of greatest successes of the white armies in southern Russia in the autumn of 1919, during the March on Moscow Denikin, Pilsudski halted active operations against the red Army. Obviously, he feared the final victory of the whites, and that they, with their slogan a single and indivisible Russia, will not allow him to reject the Western Russian lands. The Bolsheviks, as mistakenly believed Pilsudski, it will be easier to handle. Known role played by insufficient, in the opinion of the Polish leader (sole dictator, he was later, in 1926), the willingness of the Polish army to March with decisive aggressive goals. So he quietly watched as the Red Army deals with the troops of Denikin. Only then, in the spring of 1920, he resumed the war.

the Defeat of the white guard armies prompted the Western powers, primarily France, in their calculations for the weakening and dismemberment of Russia by a permanent civil war and intervention to make in 1920 the main rate to Pilsudski. April 25, 1920 Polish army, well-armed Western backerstrained by French instructors, began a long-prepared offensive in Ukraine. On may 6, 1920, they took Kiev. Polish chauvinist (another, incidentally, at that time, as now, there was virtually no print) compared with Pilsudski king Boleslaw the Brave, who took Kiev for nearly a thousand years ago, thanks to the treasonous strife, started by Prince Svyatopolk.

Pilsudski anybody did not hide the purpose of the war. the minimum Objective was the restoration of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the borders of 1772. That is, with Lithuania, Belarus and right Bank Ukraine. The maximum objective: "Polska from Brzeg to Brzeg", that is, from the Baltic to the Black sea (Odessa as black sea gateway of Poland). It should be noted that at the same time, dissatisfied with the conditions of the Versailles Treaty, Poland has exhibited territorial claims to neighbouring Germany and Czechoslovakia and showed their intent to get their way by force of arms (on both! and then wondered what and to her with the same questions asked...).

It is curious that on the eve of the Polish aggression the head of the government "Ukrainian national Republic" "in exile," Simon Petlyura signed with Pilsudski the secret the contract under which the poles pledged to give Petlyura to power over Ukraine after the victory over the Bolsheviks. For it "the fighter for independent Ukraine" recognize in perpetuity the sovereignty of Poland over the whole of Galicia and Volyn. But the poles took Kiev showed that do not expect to observe this Treaty...

In the current Lithuania, the Ukraine, and perhaps Belarus is NOT OFTEN remembered that in 1920, they were subjected to aggression and partial occupation by Poland and the Soviet Russia was the only force defending their national statehood and territorial integrity. More less about the same time I want to remember in Poland.

To kill Russian is not a crime?


Needless to say, that Poland did not wish to hear (however, they are reminded this is much less than it should be) on the mass extermination of Soviet prisoners of war in 1920-1921 By the most conservative estimates, 45 thousand red army soldiers less than a year, found their death in concentration campsarranged by the regime of Pilsudski...

As for the mass death of red army prisoners in the Polish camps, that it was the handiwork of the Polish societywho saw in any Russian – Bolshevik and Bolshevik mortal enemy. The General mood of the poles – from the chief to a member of the warden in a pow camp – was: the more of these you will die Bolsheviks, the better.

...The situation in which Soviet prisoners of war in Poland in 1920, is very similar to the one in which he found himself their younger brothers in arms in Nazi captivity in 1941. As here, so there was not a specific written orders to kill prisoners. But consistently were to create such conditions, under which most prisoners of war were condemned to death..."

So what are some ancient facts are really very useful to "not remember"... designing "memories" based on the "current" ochuchenie... suddenly now just to get "complete" that did not happen once?... especially if the coveted territory now alone falling?... how can you not grasp that?...<

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Thu May 29, 2014 2:48

Yesterday dear President of the United States made a curious statement. Here are two versions of this speech.

1. http://www.dni.ru/polit/2014/5/28/271431.html
"The US is going to be a world leader in the next 100 years, said President Barack Obama, speaking at the graduation ceremony of students of the military Academy of West point in new York.
In terms of "energy independence" and "dynamic economy" the United States is going to actively intervene in the processes around the globe..."

2. http://news.mail.ru/politics/18363076/?frommail=1
"President Barack Obama spoke on Wednesday with the statement that the US, improving on the world public opinion, could expose Russia's isolation on the international arena.... "Our ability to shape world opinion helped immediately isolate Russia. Thanks to American leadership, the world immediately condemned Russian actions, Europe and the G7 joined us in imposing sanctions, NATO has strengthened commitments to Eastern Europe, the IMF is helping to stabilize the economy of Ukraine, OSCE observers have given the world to look at the unstable region of Ukraine" — said Obama, speaking at the military Academy at West point in new York.
"Mobilizing global (public) opinion and international institutions became a counterbalance to Russian propaganda, Russian troops on the border and armed militias," added the American President."

Both parts of the statements are very revealing. The first refers to the United States as a hegemonic world. It would seem - and on health, so the hegemony of hegemony... coupled with personally-gegemonsky gegemonsky responsibility for actions and deeds. However, well Mr. President then sharply tried to get away from this very public gegemonsky of responsibility because it "tightens" just behind the ears to "collective" responsibility of all who can move and who is afraid to say anything kakbe "independent".

I wonder why?

The answer again is you can search the textbook by David Myers, where this tactic is called "deindividualization".

And what's a "deindividualization" the type of highly individualistic communities they, the community, best? Best so that Mr. President, speaking with a distinctly gegemonsky claims, in parallel, modestly assigns US the role of type of only one of the... well, the leader, of course – but no more... so to speak, almost the first among equals... yeah, yeah...

Deindividualization.

"...In 1991, a bystander captured on videotape, how four the Los Angeles police officers beat unarmed Rodney king. The guy received more than 50 blows with rubber truncheons, his teeth were knocked out, and the skull was broken in 9 places, which caused the brain injury. For violence passively observed 23 a police officer. Demonstration of films on television shocked the nation (well, more specifically the business community) and plunged it into a lengthy discussion about the atrocities of the police and the cruelty of the crowd. Constantly heard the same questions: where are the "humanism" of the police? What happened to the standards of professional conduct? What could provoke such actions?

Together we do things which we would NOT do alone.

The results of experiments on social facilitation suggests that groups can arouse people. If the excitation is superimposed the lack of personal responsibility and accepted norms of behaviour are eroded, the consequences can be very unexpected. In such situations, people capable of the most different actions — from acts of misconduct (throwing food in the dining room, bickering with the referee, screaming during a rock concert) to the impulsive manifestations of the basest of the senses (the group of vandalism, orgies, robberies) and destructive social explosions (the atrocities by the police, riots and mob violence). After learning about the brutal massacre of Rodney king by police Los Angeles, people constantly asked myself the same question: why does man deny the inherent "limiting centers" when he gets in a group situation?

These cases of distemper have something in common: all of them are somehow provoked by the power of the group. Groups can generate a sense of excitement or involvement in something more than what I was capable of the individual itself.

In some group situations, people are more inclined to drop the restrictions in daily life to lose its own I and become susceptible to group norms or to the norms of the crowd. In other words, what Leon Festinger, albert Pepitone and Theodore Newcomb called deindividualization.

...than a large crowd, the pronounced loss its members sense of identity and their willingness to commit such atrocities as burning, tearing or dismemberment of the victim. In each of these examples — from the crowd of sports phantom to gangs of vigilantes — fear rating has plummeted. Since "everybody go", the participants of the event may explain their behavior rather by situation than by their own choice.

"The crowd is a bunch of bodies voluntarily deprived themselves of reason. Ralph Waldo Emerson, "Compensation". Essay. First editions, 1841"

Philip Zimbardo believes that by itself, the vastness of the megacities creates anonymity and therefore the provisions allowing for the vandalism (Zimbardo, 1970).

Physical anonymity

...anonymity favors permissiveness. In one of the original experiments Zimbardo women participated from new York University, which he clothed in the same white robes with hoods similar to those worn by the ku Klux Klan. When Zimbardo asked his subjects to strike a current of a certain woman, they kept the finger on the button two times longer than women, on the breast of which hung large signs with the names...

Under the influence of the results of the experiments I have wondered about the role of wearing uniforms. Ready for battle, the warriors of some tribes (like the fanatical fans of sports teams) anonymize themselves, or by painting the face and body, or put on a mask. Rules of treatment of prisoners after the battle, different cultures have different ways: some kill, torture or maim them, others left alive. Robert Watson, thoroughly studied various anthropological information, came to the conclusion that the ill-treatment of prisoners of war differ in those of culture, which is inherent in deindividualization warriors. Dressed in the uniform of the Los Angeles police who beat Rodney king, was furious, calling his refusal to stop the car. They acted in full harmony, unaware that someone was watching. Forgetting about the rules of conduct, they were at the mercy of the situation.

Can we say that the physical anonymity always brings out our worst instincts? Fortunately, no. In all the situations described above, people react to the frankly anti-social characteristics. Robert Johnson and Leslie Downing noted that the costumes are similar to the garb of the ku Klux of klinovcem, which were the subjects Zimbardo, could provoke hostility. In the experiment conducted at the University of Georgia, women wore the uniform of the nurses before deciding which forces the shock needs to obtain a person. When women in uniform were transformed into anonymous, they become less aggressive in regard of these attacks than when they were known their names and professional identities. From the results of the meta-analysis of 60 studies of deindividualization it follows that people, becoming anonymous, begins less aware of himself and more group; it is also becoming more sensitive to distinctive features of the situation, regardless of whether they are positive (the nurse uniform) or negative (hoodie ku-Klux-all kinds of things over). Being in the situation associated with altruism, "anonymous" people donate even more money than usual.

Stimulating and distracting activities

Aggressive antics of large groups is often preceded by minor actions that arouse their members and draw their attention. Such collective actions as shouting, chanting, clapping or dancing, and at the same time "excite" people, and reduce their level of self-realization.
Commission impulsive actions and observation of others engaged in the same, gives self-reinforcing pleasure. When we see that others are doing the same thing we are, it seems to us that they are experiencing the same feelings which we experience ourselves and our feelings become stronger. Moreover, the impulsive group action attracts our attention. When we diarrhea referee, I do not think about their moral values, and react to the immediate situation. Later, "sober" and thinking about the fact that we have done or said, we sometimes regret. Sometimes. sometimes, on the contrary — seek to depersonalize in any collective action — in dance, in religious items, with the activities undertaken by the group, ie where we are experiencing strong positive emotions and perceive their commonality with others.

impaired self-awareness.

Collective experience not only weakens self-awareness, but the link between behaviour and attitudes. The results of the experiments conducted by ed Diener, and Stephen Prentice and Ronald Rogers, suggests that it is not self-aware, deindividualisation people are less reserved, less inclined to self-restraint, more inclined to act without thinking about their moral values, and actively respond to the situation.

self-awareness is diametrically opposite of deindividualization. People, the level of self-awareness are promoted due to the fact that they were, for example, in front of the camera or in front of a mirror, demonstrate a strengthened self-control, and their actions more clearly reflect their installation.

People, the level of self-awareness which promoted one way or another, rarely cheat. To the same can be said about people with a highly developed sense of autonomy and independence. People who either have developed a sense of self, or become so due to one reason or another, the words, not with deeds. In addition, they become more thoughtful, and therefore less likely to answer calls that are contrary to their moral values.

Therefore, all factors contributing to the weakening of self-realization, particularly alcohol, increase the deindividualization. And Vice versa: anything that increases self-awareness, relax the deindividualization: mirrors and cameras, small town, bright lights, flashy signs with the names, not broken silence, individual clothing and individual housing. "Have fun and remember who you are" — that's the best advice I can give parents the outgoing party teen. In other words, get pleasure from communication with companions but stay a person and keep their own individuality.

Summary

When a high level of social excitation is superimposed on the "fuzzy" responsibility, people are able to forget about their inherent in normal circumstances be restrained and lose their sense of individuality. Such deindividualization most likely when people are excited, and their attention diverted; in such situations, people feel anonymous, lost in the crowd or hiding behind uniforms...

Together we do things which we would NOT do alone."

PS it seems that "together" civilized flagships of democracy, it is able to ruin the planet on which alone any one of them gunpowder was not enough... the main thing - to believe in their leader... and there though the grass not to grow - in the literal sense of these words... but sorry... good weed...<

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by Акела » Thu May 29, 2014 7:39

У-Луна wrote:People, the level of self-awareness which promoted one way or another, less likely to cheat. To the same can be said about people with a highly developed sense of autonomy and independence. People who either have developed a sense of self, or become so due to one reason or another, the words, as a rule, not with deeds. In addition, they become more thoughtful, and therefore less likely to answer calls that are contrary to their moral values.
Less likely to cheat ...not to disagree with things...? And how you define it conducted research? :?

And what does your "guru", about consciousness and where is it and why?

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Thu May 29, 2014 12:58

Eh, it's almost always – wherever to go, with high probability, there is a risk to run into a fanatical football fan... or at least a fanatical biker... metropolis, what to do?... Oh, sorry - the Internet...
Акела wrote:your "guru"
Lack of substance: I have NO "guru". Personal acquaintance with some modern contenders for this "honorary" title was forever cured me of any illusions about them – it turned out that, as a rule, being extremely annoying and damn greedy... so no... to lure such a "creation" of human "extras" for its resources – expensive... :)

I prefer intelligent people, familiar with the concepts of "your boundaries", and knowing how these concepts apply in practice. Personal acquaintance with some of these people have convinced me that such people still exist in society and that communication with them is very helpful... you can learn many interesting things... WITHOUT much personal loss.
Акела wrote:Less likely to cheat ...not to disagree with things...? And how you define it conducted research?...
For the most cunning: quoted chunks of text – a quote from a textbook by David Meyers ' "Social psychology". Because Mr. Myers began his academic career at a time when individual members of the scientific community still cherish personal reputation, it is not excluded that it has retained this skill (cherish their own good name) to this day. So in the original text of the textbook are a variety of links to General studies and the specific work of researchers and others, interesting for the most skeptical individuals of the basis for conclusions (which, while still not issued for the truth in the last instance – as time goes by, societies evolve or fail to... the research continues...) So – oooodles original text tutorial – and-forth I have no desire completely to pump into this topic ALL the quoted text...
Акела wrote:And what does your "guru", about consciousness and where is it and why? .
Many years ago, when I indignantly demanded to explain, what a normal person can be useful to a GOOD education – it was explained to me that a good education does NOT impose knowledge... it teaches you to work with the material, and in particular with primary sources if they are available... Modern pop-psychological "guru" of his "revelations" often derive from professional sources, even when not aware of it. So the SKILL not only to read Internet resources is a useful skill one day, however, is NOT acquired, but if you start today, then in three hundred thirty-three buckets of Golden key, perhaps there is... good luck to You on this slippery slope... :) because he really - no paved roads... to get acceptable results, not all... but there is a chance...<

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by Акела » Thu May 29, 2014 15:27

bi ...out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaks... How much emotion and many words not on the merits, alas, so what is self-realization in the psychological aspect and how it differs from self-control...? Whether those condescending, describe in your own words
:?

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Thu May 29, 2014 19:53

Why? :oops:

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by Акела » Fri May 30, 2014 7:29

Well this is a forum, You have created a theme, which declare the idea, but a question to clarify parts of his Manifesto annoys You. You just wrote? Just a professional printer? Well then, my deepest apologies...
:wiz

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Fri May 30, 2014 13:18

I love deep-astute men...
Акела wrote:Well this is a forum...
Really? A profound observation... And as I had not noticed ay-ay... I'm stupid, uzhos... Is that - at this level of the conversation - well, that's life... and the forums sometimes... and in them the laws of life are still there, too... sometimes...
Акела wrote:...You have created a theme, which declare the idea, but a question to clarify parts of his Manifesto annoys You..
Nothing annoys me, on the contrary, admire the depth of the question... so once again I specify:
Declaration from the French. declaration — a statement...
Manifestation from lat. manifestatio - discovery, manifestation of...
У-Луна wrote:For those who are somehow interested in reality and not slogans... it is useful to read specialists, even if "they" are the experts...

So, David Myers, "Social psychology" (textbook, if into, for students). Many effective methods of influencing the psyche of the people currently in civilized countries, based on a fairly simple and experimentally verified laws of social interaction.
Translating from Russian into Russian: I declare the manifestation of the existence in the life "social psychology", some of the observations and insights which you can try to apply to a variety of real life phenomena, and this at first with them it is useful to see. In form, adapted for students and the General public, some of its themes outlined in the above-specified tutorial. Who cares - oooochen book - and caaaaaaan... at first. That is: money in the morning — day chairs day money — evening chairs, evening the money — at night the chairs, the night money — the chairs in the morning...

Declaration about its readiness to replace David Myers and his tutorial, I like never manifested.
Акела wrote:...Just a professional printer?
Deepest the accuracy of Your judgment, I, too, was delighted... I will meditate on Your mind-conclusions... in his free time demonstrations...
Акела wrote:... Well, then my profound apologies...
Damn, the depth soon the Ground will drill through... and I have to live and live... so I guess in the future will prefer to avoid such a deep communication... I on the surface of the planet, well... You too all the best...<

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by Акела » Fri May 30, 2014 13:35

So I have a higher psi.education and masters of social.psychology I know as well as You through tutorials. But I had in mind Your personal opinion, in this interest and You also once again demonstrates quality verbal asonot on the verge of a foul, but the skill that You have is excellent.
bi :ap

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Sat May 31, 2014 16:22

Акела wrote:...But I had in mind Your personal opinion, in the interest
I mean, do You really believe that quite casually so ask me some question for me to start immediately obediently jump through an interesting string? On the basis that "it forum, baby"? A curious position for a man who "has a higher psi.education." So You have it or You know how to use it? And I know of someone who has a rolls-Royce is, and a good ahtoska - but to use them this man never can. With the "educationists", this also happens.

But I personally (and this is my personal opinion) more interesting ride than a cheap. And You still only have cheap trying to portray, and then... at the level of "verbal asvesti". And there is no such word in the Russian language. Peptic ulcer – is an adjective, and it is connected with specific disease, and I, thank God, perfectly healthy. But the word "sarcasm" in the Russian language there, but it is a different word, and the meaning of it... also somewhat different. The nuances kakbe small, but the picture they are quite capable really to distort. So thank you for your attention, my personal opinion, I will continue to voice only when I get it, it will be interesting – or when my interlocutor will be able to intensify my interest in the answer. You so far failed. Do not worry – it happens... but You can take this positively and consider all the benefits of this situation, and then... my participation, You may no longer need... Positive thinking is such great power when the other is not available... with its help any type of politically incorrect experience can "repaint" in a convenient personal pride color... :wink: And of course again all the best...

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by Акела » Sun Jun 01, 2014 7:53

Oh, and the specimen I found :( !
And on account of the rules, to trust such a professional like Professor Chudinov, who argues that the language features a lot more than spelling rules, and "gavarini". From what I have, of course, and congratulations, so the turnover with the "azonosito" fully appropriate because it sounds, and reflects clear meaning.
And therefore it is important You understand the instructions on the usage of "man" but can this device to use,I mean samoyu yourself.

Yes, that's what else, with such a conceit as You, surprisingly even easier to manipulate or force the "jump over the stick", it is sufficient to use the momentum forming the "advantages self-esteem". When You realize this, I hope that will laugh at yourself, I wish You just such a surprise to experience.
Good luck bi

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Sun Jun 01, 2014 14:01

Акела wrote:Oh, and the specimen I found...
Yeah... but I somehow luck - even search is not necessary... hussars themselves resorted to waving mustache, a braid and a papers confirming various types of "education". :oops:

And is it not told in the extraction of Your paper that "depth" (including depth of society, thinking or communication) is not always cosy aquarium with the cutest gold ribosome and that "hlubina" a lot of what is found? No, not told? Apparently, You missed this stuff, but now you can and personal experience is to fuck. Personal experience is more reliable – it is much harder to forget.
Акела wrote:...But at the expense of the rules, to trust such a professional like Professor Chudinov, who argues that the language features a lot more than spelling rules, and "gavarini"...
Yes, of course, at first to travel on the "hlubina" you and the Professor to use as a yellow-submariner... although I somehow suspect that the Professor hardly would use it as justification of someone's...uh... lack of literacy. Real Professor – one such, gramotnosti exceedingly uvajat. Well, it is certainly that these...
Акела wrote:...From what I have, of course, and congratulations, so the turnover with the "azonosito" fully appropriate because it sounds, and reflects clear meaning.
Uh... perhaps You should congratulate yourself that You have used has my recommendation, and Your "positive" thinking dutifully, I helped You find "arguments" in order not to cancel, as "written with a pen", etc.. the Problem is that Your "argument" looks convincing...uh... not for everyone. I'm sorry, but maybe You are something else pozitivnenkoe look more convincing?
Акела wrote:...I mean herself, itself,...
Uh... and You did...uh... feminine for yourself use? Strange... or Professor Chudinov and this is also approved?
Акела wrote:... surprisingly even easier to manipulate or force the "jump over the stick", it is sufficient to use the momentum forming the "advantages self-esteem".
Yeah, I drew attention to how...touching...You tried to show me Your level of proficiency in manipulative techniques. I'm impressed by Your diligence, but to reach the level of David Copperfield, still need a little work on myself, and over the technicians. I have hinted: yet only three thousand three hundred thirty-three buckets – and the Golden key will be in Your palms.

PS But I hope in the future to drain the "depth" in search of Golden keys You will be alone or with a nice professors... :wink:<

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Tue Aug 19, 2014 8:06

And that two times not to rise... And this is what I wrote... but who from a very freedom-loving citizens will be read such long posts? Well this is personal head you need to work, freedom-loving citizens prefer to head to chew and to work Onet not love, no, not like... well, Yes, some life already teaches - that it is safer still to think with YOUR head, not borrowed...
У-Луна wrote:...One very intelligent person who has no relation neither to Russia nor to Ukraine, but relevant to the region with a very complicated historical "dramas and tragedies," wrote back in 2008:
"...as soon as it comes to authentication, the role of the victim always has precedence over the role of the aggressor, even if the facts are obvious way more complicated... and in many cases (countries or regions) historical facts mix the roles of victim and aggressor...

Why there is a global preference for the role of victim? This, of course, there are MANY different reasons. First, there has been a real victimization. But to be a victim also means that some external party is responsible for your problem. Until you're the victim, there is someone who did something wrong with you and who owes you something. In addition, the concept of "victim" often has a certain aura of innocence...

Then there is the idea that victims can become clean through their suffering, even become Holy through them... However, the reality is that victims don'T rise up from being victim, what they were filled with light - forgiving and wise. On the contrary, they come out of it deeply traumatized, dissociated and split. And in this state they easily can become the aggressors, even if they are not able to realize it or think about it...

...Poland, for example, there is a history of conquest and division foreign countries, which is repeated again and again. In 1939 the Nazis came. Millions of poles died during the war, the nation was again injured. But while all this was happening, many poles joined the Nazis in the murder of Jews and Gypsies. There were poles who risked their lives helping Jews, but there were many others that wanted the Jews gone, and they have not stopped, even when the Germans were finally defeated. Many Jews who survived the death camps, were murdered by the poles as soon as they went back to former home towns. Poland enjoys the reputation of being the only (?) in Europe countries where pogroms had occurred even after the Second World war. Is Poland as a nation is a victim or a persecutor? And those and others. And yet Poland mainly considers HIMSELF a victim of the Nazis and NEVER an active participant in the Holocaust..."

After Poland saved and other "reputational" stories...

The most difficult issues related events, with a beginning long BEFORE... but why so many difficulties?... Why should understand that on complex issues there are NO simple answers? Why bother to learn to understand something not only at the level of cliches and platitudes? A single live - and let the bills pay the descendants of...
And when "suddenly" life does not delay the reckoning until the next generations, and presents invoices for payment BY the "creators" heinous events "creators" abominations start to play up and hide behind other people's backs in the hope that blow over somehow... Not blow over...

Everything has a price, and the stupidity, greed and ignorance it continues too...<

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Wed Feb 11, 2015 20:42

У-Луна wrote:... Many of the memories are NOT copies of real events, "deposited" in the memory Bank. It is more correct to say that we design memories in the moment when you extract thembecause memory contains the argument, drawn in the past. Using what we know today, or what you believe in, memory makes conclusions about what ought to be...

Thus, we can easily to revise (although on a subconscious level) their memories so that they conform to our current knowledge (or wishes).

...Elizabeth Loftus has revealed the following trends: we tend designing memories with great confidence, but sometimes with insufficient accuracy. ...the Subjects incorporate misinformation into their memories: they "remember"...

Our pre-beliefs have a strong influence on how we interpret and remember events. In the experiments prejudice subjects amazing affect the perception and interpretation of their information. Some experimenters inculcated in the minds of the subjects of the judgment or about ideas after the reported information.

The results of these studies indicate that the judgment following the fact, distort our memories are exactly the same as the judgments that precede them, distort our perception.
https://news.mail.ru/society/21035081/?frommail=1

"...Not a helicopter...
...10 February the us on NBC for six months was removed from the ether leading the evening news with Brian Williams. Salary during the period of suspension, Williams will not receive. NBC was forced to get rid of the key master (and face of the channel) because of the history of 11 years ago, the incident with the journalist in Iraq. More precisely, for a free retelling of this story, in which Williams pretty embellished reality. And, it seems, not for the first time.

...Over the years, the Williams version of events in Iraq has changed. First, he said he learned of the downed helicopter after his Chinook landed. Then the story began to grow into a lot of detail about how it brought down the helicopter. In 2008, Williams was told that he was hit by one of the four cars, flying as a single group — although, in fact his helicopter was an hour's flight from the scene of the emergency landing of the downed Chinooks...

The same story (...the helicopter with journalists was allegedly shot down from a hand grenade...) Williams told the late night show with David Letterman in March 2013. ... the journalist was a guest ...and complained about his "unbridled arrogance", which he did many stupid things, for example, was in a helicopter in Iraq that was not supposed to be, and came under fire. Williams added that it could have died...

...Iraq in 2003 was extremely dangerous for journalists, but to die in the attacked militants of the helicopter Brian Williams could not — it simply was not...

If the earlier lie Williams went unnoticed, but now his story about the heroic past in live evening program NBC has made many viewers question. To compare different versions about the incident in Iraq was quite simple, and soon Williams had to make a formal apology. The journalist explained that the years have erased from memory the details, and he doesn't understand how confused one helicopter (which he was) with another (in which the journalist was not in who was fired from a grenade launcher shells).

In December 2014, NBC has signed with Brian Williams a new contract — according to the channel, journalist, just celebrated its tenth anniversary as the leading evening news, yet many years had to impersonate NBC..."

And the helicopter is not the one and not the hero, and the "face" of NBC is also somehow strange looks...<

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by Вячеслав. » Wed Feb 11, 2015 22:50

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Thu Feb 12, 2015 21:56

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Re: Social psychology...

Post by У-Луна » Wed Feb 18, 2015 19:59

У-Луна wrote:
У-Луна wrote:... Many of the memories are NOT copies of real events, "deposited" in the memory Bank. It is more correct to say that we design memories in the moment when you extract thembecause memory contains the argument, drawn in the past. Using what we know today, or what you believe in, memory makes conclusions about what ought to be...

...Some experimenters introduce into the consciousness of the subjects of the judgment or about ideas once provided them with information.

The results of these studies indicate that judgments, the following in fact, distort our memories are exactly the same as the judgments that precede them, distort our perceptions.
...February 10, American TV network NBC for six months was removed from the ether leading the evening news with Brian Williams...

...If before lie Williams went unnoticed, but now his story about the heroic past in live evening program NBC has made many viewers question..."

And the helicopter is NOT the one and NOT the hero, and the "face" of NBC is also somehow strange looks...
https://news.mail.ru/society/21111044/?frommail=1

And here another curious illustration of the so-called "independent" (from common sense and honesty?) the Western media... which in this case is simple commercials use the same "phenomenon Psaki" - public discussion of a variety of lies, nonsense and dirty tricks that got "stuck" in an empty head mass "reader" and "the caretaker" by massive Western Massovojj...

Regular use of the reception of the series: "Some experimenters (and th CNN is also not to experiment on your audience?...) introducing consciousness the subjects of the judgment or about ideas after you give them information.." in combination with "Psaki phenomenon" - makes the Western "news" channels are an excellent tool for REMOTE and OBSCURE effect on the brain of the Western crowd...

Independence the independence she's so... so... demokraticheskih and very, very temperamental... and that's why temperament replaces the brain most people in "progressive" areas?...<

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