Логик wrote:
Where firewood, that is such information?
The remains of University education ( to be remembered so I would say one of my more senior colleague from the teaching staff ). However, simple logic leaves no doubt of the correctness of this view, then I completely agree with Michael.
a Little bit to the topic of discussion:
The consumption of drinking water with low mineralization contributes to the leaching of salts from the body. Changes of water-salt balance were observed not only in the use demineralised water, but water with a salinity of from 50 to 75 mg/L. Therefore, the group of researchers who produced a report in 1980 , recommended to use in drinking water with a salinity of not less than 100 mg/l. Also, the scientists concluded that the optimum salinity is 200-400 mg/l for chloride-sulphate waters and 250-500 mg/l for bicarbonate waters (1980, who). Recommendations are based on experimental data, which took part in rats, dogs and people-the volunteers. Samples were taken from water supply network of Moscow, demineralised water with a salinity of about 10 mg/l and the samples prepared in the laboratory (salinity 50, 100, 250, 300, 500, 750, 1000 and 1500 mg/l) using the following ions: Cl- (40 %), HCO3- (32 %), SO42- (28 %), Na+ (50 %), Ca2+ (38 %), Mg2+ (12 %).
Studied many indicators: dynamics of body weight, basal metabolism and nitrogen metabolism, enzyme activity, water-salt metabolism and its regulatory function, the contents of minerals in tissues and body fluids hematocrite the number and activity of antidiuretic hormone. The optimal content of mineral salts negative changes were not observed neither in rats nor in dogs, nor people, this water has a high organoleptic characteristics, well removes thirst, its corrosivity is low.
In addition to insights about the optimal salinity report updated recommendations for calcium (not less than 30 mg/l). This is the explanation: at lower concentrations of calcium changes the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the body and has a reduced mineral content in bone tissue. Also, when the concentration of calcium in water is 30 mg/l, its corrosion activity is reduced and the water becomes more stable . The report also has instructions for concentration of hydrogen-ion 30 mg/l to achieve acceptable organoleptic characteristics, reduced corrosivity, and achieve equilibrium with the calcium ion.
Current recommendations
Modern studies have provided additional information about minimum and optimum levels of minerals that should be present in the demineralized water. For example, the influence of water with different hardness on the health status of women aged 20 to 49 years was the subject of a 2-series epidemiological studies (460 and 511 women) in 4 cities of South Siberia (55,56). The water in the city And contains a very small amount of calcium and magnesium (3.0 mg/l calcium and 2.4 mg/l magnesium). The water in city B is saturated with salt a little more (18,0 mg/l of calcium and 5.0 mg/l of magnesium). The high saturation of water with salts was observed in cities (22.0 mg/l of calcium and 11.3 mg/l magnesium) and G (45,0 mg/l of calcium and 26.2 mg/l magnesium). The residents of cities A and B in comparison with women from C and d were more frequent changes of the cardiovascular system (according to ECG), high blood pressure, somatic dysfunction, headache and dizziness, osteoporosis (x-ray absorptiometry).
These results confirm the assumption that the content of magnesium in drinking water shall not be less than 10 mg/l, calcium – 20 mg/l 30 mg/l, as stated in the who report for 1980.
Based on available data, the researchers recommended the following concentrations of calcium, magnesium and the amount of hardness of drinking water:
* for magnesium: a minimum of 10 mg/l (33,56), the optimum content of 20-30 mg/l (49, 57);
* for calcium: at least 20 mg/l , the optimum content of about 50 (40-80) mg/l (57, 58);
* the total hardness of water, total content of salts of calcium and magnesium 2-4 mmol/l (37, 50, 59, 60).
If the composition of drinking water on those recommendations adverse changes in health status were not observed or almost not observed. The maximum protective effect or a positive effect was observed in drinking water with presumably the optimal concentrations of minerals. Monitor the status of the cardiovascular system allowed to determine the optimal levels of magnesium in drinking water, changes in the metabolism of calcium and processes of ossification became the basis for recommendations for calcium.
The upper limit of optimal interval stiffness was determined on the assumption that the use of water hardness above 5 mmol/l there is a risk of formation of stones in the gallbladder, kidney, urinary bladder, and the arthritis and arthropathy in the population.
In the work on the determination of optimal concentrations of forecasts was based on the long-term use of water. At short-term use of water for the development of therapeutic recommendations, it is necessary to consider a higher concentration.
Guides and directives for calcium, magnesium and hardness of drinking water
In the second edition of the guidelines for drinking-water quality, who assesses the calcium and magnesium in terms of water hardness, but does not give individual recommendations on the minimum or maximum content of calcium, magnesium, the amount of rigidity. The first European Directive has set the requirements for minimum hardness for softened and desalinated water (at least 60 mg/l of calcium or equivalent cations). This requirement became mandatory under the national legislation of all member countries of the EU, but in December 2003 has expired, this Directive, and it was replaced with a new one . The new Directive does not include requirements for the content of calcium, magnesium and the amount of rigidity.
On the other hand, nothing prevents the introduction of such requirements into national legislation of member countries. Just some of the countries that entered the EU (e.g. the Netherlands) have established requirements for the contents of calcium, magnesium and water hardness at the level of compulsory state norms.
Some EU members (Austria, Germany) included these indicators in the technical documentation as optional rules (methods of reducing the corrosivity of water). All four European countries that entered the EU in may 2004. included these requirements in the regulations, however, the strictness of these requirements varies:
* Czech Republic (2004): for softened water: not less than 30 mg/l of calcium and not less than 1 mg/l of magnesium; requirements Management: 40-80 mg/l calcium and 20-30 mg/l magnesium (hardness as
Σ Ca + Mg = 2.0 to 3.5 mmol/l);
In Hungary (2001): rigidity of 50-350 mg/l (CaO); minimum required concentration for bottled water, new water sources, softened and demineralized water 50 mg/l;
* Poland (2000): hardness 60-500 (for CaCO3);
* Slovakia (2002): requirements for calcium are identical to those specified in the Manual
> 30 mg/l, the magnesium 10-30 mg/L.
Russian standard for the environment in piloted spaceships — General medical and technical requirements - specifies the requirements for the ratio of minerals in drinking water, the last re-processing. Among other requirements indicated mineralization in the range from 100 to 1000 mg/l; minimum levels of fluoride, calcium and magnesium are set by a special Commission each kosmoflota separately. The emphasis is on the problem of enrichment of the re-used water concentrate of minerals to give it the physiological values .
Insights
Drinking water should contain at least the minimum amount of essential minerals (and other components such as carbonates). Unfortunately, in the last two decades, researchers have almost neglected the favorable influence of water and its protective properties, as it was absorbed by the problem of toxic substances that pollute the environment. However, attempts were made to determine the minimum content of important minerals or mineralization of drinking water, and some countries have included in their laws the requirements of the Manuals for the individual components.
This question is relevant not only for demineralized drinking water that has not been enriched with the complex mineral substances, but also for the water in which the mineral content reduced due to home or centralized processing, and low-mineralized bottled water.
Drinking water is obtained by demineralization, is enriched with mineral substances, but this does not apply to water treated at home. Even after the stabilization of the mineral composition of water may not have beneficial effects on health. Typically, water is enriched with minerals, flowing through limestone or other carbonate-containing minerals. The water is saturated mainly by calcium and magnesium deficiency and other trace elements such as fluorine and potassium does not replenish. In addition, the percentage of calcium is regulated rather technical (reduce aggressiveness of water), rather than hygienic considerations. Perhaps none of the methods of artificial enrichment of the water with mineral substances is not optimal, because of saturation of all important minerals does not occur. As a rule, methods of stabilization of mineral water composition designed to reduce corrosion activity of demineralized water.
Non-demineralized water or water with low mineral content — in light of the lack or absence in it of mineral substances — not the ideal product, therefore, its regular consumption does not provide an adequate contribution to the total consumption of some important nutrients. In this Chapter substantiates this assertion. Confirmation of the experimental data and discoveries on human volunteers in the study of strongly demineralized water can be found in earlier documents, does not always meet modern methodological requirements. But do not neglect the data of these studies, some of them unique. Early studies, like experiments on animals and clinical observations of the effect of demineralized water on health, gave comparable results. This is confirmed by modern research.
Data are sufficient to confirm that the deficiency of calcium and magnesium in the water does not pass without consequences. There is evidence that it increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and sudden death. This relationship was described in many works independently of each other. In this case study was built in a different way and dealt with different regions, populations and time periods. Consistent results were obtained at autopsy, clinical observations and experiments with animals.
The biological plausibility of the protective effect of magnesium is not in doubt, but the specificity is less evident due to the diverse etiology of cardiovascular diseases. In addition to increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease, low magnesium content in water is related to possible diseases of the motor nerves, complications of pregnancy (called preeclampsia), sudden death of young children and some types of cancer. Modern researchers propose the theory that the use of soft water with low calcium can lead to fractures in children, neurodegenerative changes, premature birth, low birth weight and some cancers. We cannot exclude the role of water calcium in the development of cardiovascular diseases.
International and national organizations responsible for drinking water quality should consider the manual handling demineralized water, always identifying the minimum values of important indicators, including calcium, magnesium and salinity. If necessary, the authorized organization must support and promote targeted research in this area to improve the health status of the population. If the quality manual is developed for specific substances, is mandatory in demineralised water, the Plenipotentiary of the organization must be sure that the document is applicable for consumers home water purification systems and bottled water.
Links
1. Guidelines for the hygienic aspects of water desalination. ETS/80.4. Geneva, who, 1980.
2. European Directive 80/778/EEC of 15 July 1980 on the quality of drinking water intended for human consumption. From the Journal of the European Communities 1980; L229: 11-29.
3. A guide to drinking water quality. 2nd edition, 2nd volume, Criteria for health Safety, and other related information. Geneva: who, 1996: 237 to 240.
4. GOST R 50804-95. Environment in piloted spaceships – General medical and technical requirements (in Russian). Moscow: Russian State Standard, 1995.
PS However, there is an alternative opinion on the safety of the distillate according to the US Navy, the only question is whether you can trust repeatedly discredited source
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now, she starts to experience many repeated all over the world ONLY on spring water. Well you can certainly say that Joe didn't know about Aqua disk.... but the question is, what do we need water which is completely devoid of necessary body of minerals, they may need more than physical food. 
